Fon Tips and Tricks Part 3: Making a Parabolic Reflector

In effort to improve the La Fonera signal distance, without having to pop the extra cash for a new antenna (or the overrated La Fontenna), you can make a Parabolic reflector to make the standard La Fonera antenna into a directional antenna.

There are tons of information on this all over the internet. I have tried making a couple of them myself, but really could not test it at long distances (so I really can't tell how it worked). On the other hand this idea is all over the internet and many people have had great success with it. So O encourage you to google the idea and try it for yourself.


Kyros Parabolic Reflector

Fon Boards - "La Fonera signal distance?"

freeantennas.com - windsurfer

El Fon Blog - "Wifi Reflections [1 EDIT]"

TechAnvil - Building A Parabolic WiFi Booster

TechAnvil's design for a Parabolic WiFi reflector

Canadian research involving Fon and Meraki

A recent study by Canadian researchers brought up some good points about Fon and its competitor Meraki.
El Fon Blog: "A Case Study of Fon and Meraki"

"Is it Good to Share" By Catherine Middleton and Amelia Bryne Potter

PSP® and FON collaboration

Seems Fon and Sony got together and once again came up with an idea that only impacts people in Japan (more countries later??). Anyway, now PSP users (in Japan) :

"can access PSP® Internet Browser Official Site from FON’s wireless LAN access points (hereafter FON Spots). With this PSP®×FON collaboration, PSP users are able to easily access and enjoy videos, wallpapers and custom themes of PSP software as well as videos for PLAYSTATION ®3 from over 44,000 FON Spots in Japan and over 2,200 FON livedoor Spots, which primarily cover central Tokyo."

I also found some other interesting stuff as well:

"Finally, from August 23rd, the service launch date of PSP®×FON, we will begin sales of FON’s wireless routers “La Fonera” and “La Fonera+” in PC equipment section and game device section of some of Japan’s biggest retail stores including BIC Camera and Yodobashi Camera."

"FON Members Access Points
Global: 1,002,552 members and 292,131 APs
Japan: 84,389 members and 44,661 APs as of August 15, 2008)"

The idea seems useless to me, but this somehow doesn't surprise me. Happy reading!

Martin's Blog: "FON partners with Sony PSP in Japan"

Fon Blog: "FON and PSP® “Play Station Portable” Collaboration"

Fon Boards: "PSPxFON"

GigaOm will sell 1 billion WiFi chips this year

Once again Martin is posting useless stuff and for some reason is comparing WiFi to 3G. Go ahead and skip reading his blog post and read the article originally published by businessweek.com


"When we started Fon, back in 2006, 200 million WiFi chips were sold. This year according to GigaOm it will be 1 billion. This is a simple reminder that when critics say that 3G will kill WiFi they are just wrong. If anything 3G makes people even more interested in getting data which then operators want to offload to WiFi. The iPhone is a case in point. Why is it that when you buy songs from the iTunes store you can only do it over WiFi and not over 3G even in the 3G iPhone? The paradox of mobile carries is that they want you to pay for expensive data plans but then….use WiFi."

Businessweek.com: "VCs Hope to See Wi-Fi Everywhere"

Martin Var's Blog: "1 billion WiFi chips"

Fon Boards: "Thoughts on 1-billion-wifi-chips from martinvarsblog"

Joikusoft and FON unveil Wi-Fi HotSpot software for Mobile Phones

A recent article on the Fon blog "Joikusoft and FON unveil Wi-Fi HotSpot software for Mobile Phones."

Looks like now fon can go mobile. JoikuSpot turns your cell phone into a mobile hotspot. The idea sounds good, but in reality it's going to suck. Just imagine, a poor alien logs into this mobile hotspot and purchases a pass. Then the owner of this mobile hotspot leaves. You have a couple options. Find this person and follow them just to get the internet, find another fon spot (if your lucky), or just sit there because you just lost $3. Although Fon's ideas of giving La Foneras to the homeless (see links at end of post) to help them make money might actually come true. Granted the homeless person can afford this. Sounds like one of those TV shows, "From Rags to Riches, How Fon saved my life." I guess we will have to wait and see when this comes out.

El Fon blog also commented on the partnership as well.

From The English Fon Blog:

Joikusoft and FON unveil Wi-Fi HotSpot software for Mobile Phones

Joikusoft, the mobile software development house, maker of the mobile Wi-Fi HotSpot software JoikuSpot, announces a collaboration with FON, the world's largest WiFi community. FON and Joikusoft are releasing an exclusive version of Joikusoft's mobile hotspot solution, named FonSpot. FonSpot turns a mobile phone into a Wi-Fi HotSpot, enabling any laptop, iPod Touch, internet tablet or other Wi-Fi device to connect to the Internet using any compatible mobile phone as a secure high speed Internet gateway. FonSpot with Wi-Fi will effectively replace Bluetooth, cable and USB dongles to access the Internet using mobile phones and 3G connectivity. The FonSpot is a fully secure mobile internet HotSpot solution, and makes use of the maximum security offered by the underlying Symbian OS platform. The users have full control over who will be able to access their FonSpot's wireless internet connection.

FonSpot is an exclusive offering for members of the FON community. Foneros will be able to share their mobile Internet connection with up to 5 friends, who can connect to their FonSpot. It will be made commercially available for Foneros during 3Q 2008. According to the Joikusoft Chairman and Founder Mr. Tom Ojala "FON is a perfect companion to roll out wireless Wi-Fi access in mobile phones as FON already has an established user base of hundreds of thousands of physical FON Wi-Fi base-stations. FON users will now enjoy even broader access to internet wherever they are, literally carrying internet in their pocket."

Alexander Puregger, FON's Director of Business Development, states, "FON is very glad to work with Joikusoft as the company is proving to be an innovative contributor to the proliferation of Wi-Fi. And FON is all about WiFi everywhere!”

About Joikusoft
Joikusoft is a software development house focusing on mobile innovation. The Joiku mission is to liberate mobile internet with mobile Wi-Fi HotSpots. Joikusoft has developed a mobile Wi-Fi HotSpot software client called JoikuSpot for S60 Smartphones. User base of JoikuSpot exceeded 300.000 in June 2008 and grows exponentially. Joikusoft was the first in the world to roll out a mobile Wi-Fi HotSpot solution in February 2008 at 3GSM Barcelona. Joikusoft is a privately held company, founded in 2007 in Finland and has headquarters in Garden City, Espoo, Finland.
Visit www.joikusoft.com for more information.

About FON
FON is the world's largest WiFi community. FON's mission is to stimulate the growth of WiFi around the world by creating a global community of "Foneros". FON's La Fonera routers have been designed to enable Foneros to share their home Internet access in a completely secure manner. Founded in February 2006 in Madrid, Spain, FON investors include Google, Skype, Index Ventures, Sequoia Capital and British Telecom. Currently FON has over 250.000 hotspots worldwide and more than 900,000 registered members in Europe, Asia and America.
For more information, visit FON at www.fon.com

Links from Martin's blog:
http://english.martinvarsavsky.net/general/walking-hotspot-patent-pending.html
http://english.martinvarsavsky.net/general/mobile-fonera-fresh-from-our-labs.html
http://english.martinvarsavsky.net/fon/fon-and-the-homeless.html

Hacking La Fonera Part 1: DD-WRT

WARNING: THE ORIGINAL CREATORS OF THIS GUIDE ARE NOT RUNNING THEIR WEBSITE ANYMORE. PLEASE DO NOT EMAIL ME WITH YOUR PROBLEMS. SOME OF THE LINKS CONTAINED IN THIS POST MAY BE BROKEN AND YOU MIGHT NOT BE ABLE TO DOWNLOAD ALL OF THE NECESSARY FILES. I WILL FIND A WAY TO DISTRIBUTE ALL OF THE FILES SO THAT USERS CAN DOWNLOAD THEM. UPDATE: ALL LINKS SHOULD BE GOOD TO GO

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I know that this is totally against what My Fon Blog is all about, but I think it is important to take the time and try to understand why the hacker community loves Fon (and their cheap routers). Yes, I'll will admit it, one of my Foneras is running DD-WRT and I don't regret doing it. I now understand why people do it. The whole process is very simple and once everything is done, you will realize the power that DD-WRT has and how crappy Fon's firmware really is. Sometime later I will make a post on how to put the Fon firmware back onto the router, and maybe some other stuff as well. We'll just have to wait and see. Have Fon! (Yes, I was trying to make a joke.)

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(Below is a is a copy and paste from UselessHacks (with a few minor changes), They are the ones who created this guide and deserve full credit. I am merely distributing this guide to help people out. Oh yeah, here's another tip, disable any firewall or security suite you have installed on your computer. Some stuff won't work with it running.)

FON Router Hacking Guide

Note: This guide has been updated as of Aug 8, 2008 to reflect the new flashing procedures related to DD-WRT v24 SP1.

The following is a guide to flashing the Fonera Access Point, into a mini-router (albeit with only one ethernet jack) running the excellent, open-source DD-WRT firmware. This provides many useful features, such as turning the router into a wireless repeater, or even an ethernet to wireless bridge.

Preparation

Download the latest version of the following items (I recommend saving them all into a special folder on your desktop for convenience):

Putty

HTTP File Server (HFS)

Tftpd32 (Extract the Tftpd32 zip file to your special folder)
DD-WRT Fonera Firmware-> Atheros WiSoc-> Fonera

(Download linux.bin for v24-sp1, root.fs and vmlinux.bin.l7 for pre-RC7)

SSHEnable.htm

openwrt-ar531x-2.4-vmlinux-CAMICIA.lzma

out.hex

It’s important to download everything you need before you get started, because you will not have internet access throughout this tutorial. All of the programs listed are installer free, meaning that at the end of this tutorial, you just have to throw everything in the trash. No messy uninstalls, no shortcuts all over the place.

If you have already enabled SSH access on your router, please skip to Flashing the Firmware.

Connecting La Fonera

Plug the Fonera into the power, and into the LAN port on your computer.

In Windows, disable all other network connections besides the one connected to the Fonera. You’ll need to set the following settings in the LAN ports properties. Disable all firewalls, or at least make sure that port 22, 23, and 9000 are open.

IP: 169.254.255.2

Subnet: 255.255.0.0 (System will fill it in for you)
Default Gateway: 169.254.255.1

DNS: 169.254.255.1

Once all three leds are blinking (1-2 minutes), you should be able to open a browser, type 169.254.255.1 and see the Router Status. If not, wait a little while longer. If you are still not getting anything, re-check your settings.

The first time you log into the router, you will need to supply the following:

Username: root

Password: admin

If the firmware version is 0.7.1 r1 or lower, please skip to Enabling SSH.

If you have version 0.7.1 r2, you will fall in two categories:

1. Your router shipped with a previous firmware, and you let it update itself from FON’s servers. You will need to downgrade before continuing with this guide.

Downgrading

• After the Fonera has been on for a couple minutes, push the reset button on the bottom, and hold it in for several seconds (30-45 secs is fine). Wait for it to finish rebooting (1-2 minutes), then check again to see wh at f irmwa re version you have.
• If it’s now at or below 0.7.1 r1, then you may move to the next step, Enabling SSH.

2. Your router shipped with 0.7.1r2 installed. You will need to do the Kolofonium Hack, then when you come back here, you will start at Enabling RedBoot.

• EDIT- This is found on the DD-WRT Wiki:

This works on the newest firmware:

1. Hold reset button for 30 seconds
2. Remove the power connector while still holding reset.
3. Replace power connector and continue holding reset button until “wifi” lights up and goes away again (a good 2-3 minutes of holding it).

4. Let go and wait for “wifi” to come back (2-3 minutes).

• Supposedly, you will now be able to follow the rest of this guide without troubles. I will need to verify this, but for now, I am all out of routers. Feel free to give it a shot.

Enabling SSH

Now open the SSHEnable.htm (that you downloaded earlier), hit submit.

Enabling RedBoot

Now open HFS. The first time you open it, a prompt will ask you if you want to include HFS in your context menu. I chose “No”. Now, right click on the little house icon, and select “Add Files…”, and add openwrt-ar531x-2.4-vmlinux-CAMICIA.lzma and out.hex.

Now, open Putty and SSH into 169.254.255.1, click “Open”:

If this is your first time SSH’ing into the router, you will be faced with the following dialog prompt. Despite how serious it sounds, never fear, just click “Yes.”

Login using:

Username: root

Password: admin

As you type in the password, nothing will appear to happen, but continue typing anyways, and then hit enter.

I’ll also share with you a huge time saver. In order to copy from this tutorial the commands and paste them into the SSH terminal, first highlight what you want to copy (make sure not to include any extra spaces), right click the highlighted text and hit copy. Then right click your SSH window. This will automatically insert whatever you highlighted into where the green cursor is located.

Once logged in, execute the following command:

mv /etc/init.d/dropbear /etc/init.d/S50dropbear

This enables SSH permanently so that if you need to reset the router, you won’t need to run SSHEnable.htm again. If you have done this step before, it will return an error, and you can just continue on with the guide.

For the following, after every line, hit enter and wait for it return to a prompt again:

cd /tmp
wget http://169.254.255.2/openwrt-ar531x-2.4-vmlinux-CAMICIA.lzma
mtd -e vmlinux.bin.l7 write openwrt-ar531x-2.4-vmlinux-CAMICIA.lzma vmlinux.bin.l7
reboot

Now a prompt should pop up saying “Server unexpectedly closed network connection”; Just hit “OK”. The Fonera will now be restarting and will take 1-2 minutes (all three lights will be on). If you are impatient, you can do the following:

Unplug the Fonera from the power. Open up a command prompt in Windows (Start->Run->”cmd”), and type the following line:
ping 169.254.255.1 -t
Plug the Fonera back into the power. Whenever you start to see “Reply from 169.254.255.1…”, you can move on to the following step.

Right click on title bar of Putty and hit “Restart Session.” You will now need to login again.

Username: root

Password: admin

For the following, after every line, hit enter and wait for it return to a prompt again:

cd /tmp

wget http://169.254.255.2/out.hex
mtd -e "RedBoot config" write out.hex "RedBoot config"

reboot

Click “OK” on the unexpected connection close box.

Congratulations, you have now enabled RedBoot, which will allow us access to the bootloader. There we can flash the firmware to DD-WRT.

You can now exit the HFS program if you want.

Flashing the Firmware

Change the IP to 192.168.1.166, subnet 255.255.255.0.

You should not need to change the gateway or DNS servers, but you can if you want (i.e. if you are having an error). They will need to be changed back in the last step if you decide to change them here.

Now open Tftpd32:

Make sure that linux.bin (Note: root.fs and vmlinux.bin.l7 for pre-RC7) is in the same folder as the Tftpd32 program (or in the folder that is listed in “Current Directory” in Tftpd32).

Now, we can use Putty again for Telneting to the Fonera, or you can use whatever other program you have available. Right-click title bar of Putty, select “New Session.” Make sure to select the Telnet button in Putty, IP to 192.168.1.254, and then change the port to 9000. Its best to do it in that order, since Putty automatically changes the port number to 23 whenever you click the Telnet button.

If you are having trouble knowing when to start the Telnet connection, open up a command prompt in Windows (Start->Run->”cmd”), and type the following line:
ping 192.168.1.254 -t
Whenever you start to see “Reply from 192.168.1.254…”, then hit connect in the Telnet client.

Once you’re connected, enter the following commands. After each line, hit enter. The “fis” commands will take a long time (up to 10 minutes), but it will return to a “RedBoot>” prompt whenever it is ready to continue (refer to the second picture for how it will look). I got impatient and entered the next lines before the prompt appeared, and I ended up having to restart the whole process.

For the newer releases after RC7,

there is a new flashing procedure, as follows:

ip_address -l 192.168.1.254/24 -h 192.168.1.166

fis init

Type “y”, and hit enter.

load -r -b 0x80041000 linux.bin
fis create linux

Do not reboot yet. Boot script needs to be modified.

RedBoot> fconfig and press ENTER

Run script at boot: true Press ENTER

Boot script:
.. fis load -l vmlinux.bin.l7
.. exec
Enter script, terminate with empty line
>> fis load -l linux and press ENTER

>> exec and press ENTER
>> Press ENTER

Boot script timeout (1000ms resolution):

10 and press ENTER
Use BOOTP for network configuration: false Press ENTER
Gateway IP address: Press ENTER
Local IP address: 192.168.1.254 and press ENTER

Local IP address mask: 255.255.255.0 and press ENTER
Default server IP address: press ENTER
Console baud rate: 9600 and press ENTER
GDB connection port: 9000 and press ENTER

Force console for special debug messages: false Press ENTER

Network debug at boot time: false Press ENTER
Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? y and press ENTER
... Erase from 0xa87e0000-0xa87f0000: .

... Program from 0x80ff0000-0x81000000 at 0xa87e000

0: .
RedBoot>reset and press ENTER

Now skip to Post Flashing.

The following procedures are for RC6.2 and earlier:

ip_address -l 192.168.1.254/24 -h 192.168.1.166
fis init

Type “y”, and hit enter.

load -r -v -b 0x80041000 root.fs

Note: The line below is correct; “rootfs” is not a typo.

fis create -b 0x80041000 -f 0xA8030000 -l 0x002C0000 -e 0x00000000 rootfs

load -r -v -b 0x80041000 vmlinux.bin.l7
fis create -r 0x80041000 -e 0x80041000 -l 0x000E0000 vmlinux.bin.l7
fis create -f 0xA83D0000 -l 0x00010000 -n nvram
reset

Post Flashing

Once it finishes rebooting, you can connect to it over a wireless card at IP 192.168.1.1, or if you want to manage it over the ethernet port, you will need to change your IP address again to

IP: 169.254.255.2
Subnet: 255.255.0.0 (System will fill it in for you)

Default Gateway: 169.254.255.1
DNS: 169.254.255.1

Now, you can connect to the DD-WRT web interface by opening a web browser and typing 192.168.1.1. If you want the router to give you an IP address automatically over ethernet, you will need to change the mode of the router. As of right now, they are still working out some of the bugs, but I have gotten the “Client Bridge” mode to work on 3/19/07 firmware, following these instructions.

Also, you need to remember that any time you reset your router by hitting the button on the bottom (or in the firmware), you will need to manually set your IP again to the 169.254.255.2…etc. as above, in order to access it over the Ethernet port (well, until they change the firmware to where it defaults to putting the DHCP server on the ethernet port, if they ever do).

Also, watch the DD-WRT wiki for news about less buggy firmware releases, and make sure to upgrade using the fonera-firmware.bin files through the web gui. Its much easier!

If you are to this point, and your router is not responding, wait 5 minutes, and check your IP settings. If you are still not getting an response, I would recommend the following:

1. Unplug the power from the fonera
2. Make sure you have all the other network connections disabled
3. Set the ip to the 192.168.1.166 with the same options as above.
4. Start the pinging (ping 192.168.1.254 -t)
5. Plug in the power to the router
6. In about 10-50 seconds, you should see a response. If you don’t, wait a little longer and double check your IP settings.
7. If you finally see a response, Start again “Flashing the Firmware,” but unplug the power from the router first, because there is a narrow gap of time that the Redboot option is open.

Related links:

Original Hackers of the FON

DD-WRT Fonera Wiki

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LINKAGE:

DD-WRT

FON router hacking guide

Access Everywhere: The Definitive Guide to Wi-Fi

A recent article at PCMAG.com talks about finding wifi hotspots around the world and features hotspot providers like JiWire, AnchorFree, Fon, Whisher, WeFi, and other paid wifi options as well. Happy reading. LINK

Access Everywhere: The Definitive Guide to Wi-Fi

"For the last decade, as wireless networks have grown in popularity, so has the number of hot spots around the globe.

The leading online hot-spot directory, JiWire, lists 215,666 locations as of this writing. Those are just the ones people bother to report. Believe it or not, they're not all in coffee shops—in fact, hotels host the most hot spots, followed by restaurants. With that many venues offering Wi-Fi, it should be easy to find Internet access wherever you go, right? It is, if you know where, and perhaps how, to look. Here are some tips on finding locations, both free and for a fee, unique venues where Wi-Fi may flourish (think: air travel), and how to make your own mobile hot spots on the fly if you've got the equipment, the cash, and the gumption to unwire beyond your home network.

Finding Hot Spots

Finding hot spots is a lot easier if you look before you need one. There are several directories online with hot-spot listings—consult one for where you're going and you can print out a list to take with you.

JiWire is the best hot-spot directory by a large margin, as it's one of the few that actually spent money building a list, and it has full-time employees keeping the directory current. JiWire powers the listings used by several companies, including iPass and Boingo (see "Paid Wi-Fi"). JiWire's hot spots cover 134 countries, and 67,875 of those hot spots, both free and paid, are in the United States.

If you're a serious traveler and use Windows, you could until recently subscribe to JiWire's Hotspot Helper, which provided extra security and privacy at hot spots using a hosted VPN connection and included the entire hot-spot list to carry with you on your laptop. Unfortunately, JiWire's business model over the last year has changed: It now wants to be primarily a provider of advertising at hot spots. The Hotspot Helper is no longer available for new customers, though the company will support existing customers through the end of their contracts. (The online directory is here to stay, of course, since it's how JiWire develops relationships with future advertising customers.) To get that extra layer of security Hotspot Helper used to provide, a good option is WiTopia.net's personalVPN, which secures wireless connections on Vista, XP, and Macintosh for $39.99 per year.

JiWire's Hotspot Finder for Skype also offers search, but it's voice-based—you chat with it as you would with any voice-recognition system on a phone and it'll tell you where hot spots are, listing them by venue type (café or hotel, for example), city name, or ZIP code. It works on any Skype platform, but there's also a downloadable add-on for the Windows XP/Vista Skype client that includes maps. There's a JiWire Hotspot Finder just for the iPhone as well, but it has to be online, at the very least with the AT&T cellular service, to be useful.

AnchorFree also has a directory, specifically of free hot spots. Like JiWire, the company is concentrating on offering ads, but it says its directory is still continually updated, mostly by users. It has 20,000 free hot spots listed worldwide. Hotspotr and WiFinder are both similar, and all depend on a community of users who send in listings.

In an unscientific hot-spot search in Ithaca, New York, AnchorFree showed five free venues, but I know there are at least a dozen. Hotspotr showed none at all, while WiFinder found just one, at a McDonald's (the city has two Golden Arches with hot spots, however). JiWire listed 54 locations, free and paid.

Ultimately, you want access wherever you are at the moment, and the best way to know for sure is to boot up the laptop (or a handheld, like the Nokia N810 or the iPod touch) and see if a network pops up. But the fastest way to make that check is with a Wi-Fi signal finder. These handheld units can, with the push of a button, tell you if there's a signal in your area and provide an idea of how strong it is.

The cheapest signal finders do this with a row of LEDs—the more that light up, the stronger the signal—and provide no other details. The best signal finders do much more, using an LCD screen to display info on multiple networks, including whether the signal you've found is 802.11b, 11g, or 11n; the name of the network; the strength of the signal; and even what kind of encryption it uses (WEP, WPA, or WPA2). If the network is listed as "open" you can usually sign on—just be sure you're welcome (see "Free Wi-Fi," below). The best of these high-end signal locators is the Digital Hotspotter HS20, which sells for $59.95.

Free Wi-Fi

If you're in a major city and you can't find free Wi-Fi–even the legal kind!—you're not trying very hard. Wander about with a signal finder in your hands and you'll probably see plenty of networks both secure (locked) and not.

When you do find a network that's open, keep in mind that piggybacking on someone's Wi-Fi network without permission can get you into trouble—even if the network in question is meant to be used for free. On at least two occasions, people have been arrested for using the Wi-Fi offered by coffee shops. The problem is, they used it while sitting in a parked car. The charge in one case was "theft of services." Why? Because the owner of the shop provides the network for customers only, and the man with the laptop never even talked to a barista, let alone bought a coffee. In another incident, it was Michigan's "fraudulent access to computers, computer systems, and computer networks" law—and in that case the network owner didn't even know the guy was using his network. A cop saw the guy Googling in his car and got suspicious.

So, seriously, stay above board. There's plenty of free Wi-Fi out there to pick from. And it wouldn't hurt the cheapskates among us to buy a pastry now and then from the shop providing the access.

Some national café chains, such as Caribou Coffee and Panera Bread, go out of their way to offer free Wi-Fi; those two alone account for 1,172 locations in the U.S. (according to a JiWire search). Add all those local non-chain cafés and you'll be hard put to buy a latte without finding a Wi-Fi signal.

Other primo locations for free Wi-Fi in a pinch include public libraries and hotel lobbies. Even hotels that charge guests for access in the rooms often give it away in common areas, sometimes by the pool if you're lucky—and willing to risk a wet laptop.

Wi-Fi Sharing

You may also see some benefit from joining a Wi-Fi sharing service. That means you set up your own home network to give access to others, and in return you can expect access through a virtual network (virtual since the company doesn't actually operate or install any of the equipment).

Fon is the best-known Wi-Fi sharing network. Buy its specialized router for your home network, called La Fonera, to get both secure access for your family and open access for other Fon members (Foneros). You can charge non-Fon users for access and split the revenue with Fon, 50-50. If you don't become a Fonero, you can pay to use the network; getting to Gmail and Google Maps is free, however.

Those shared Fon Spots make up 27,868 of the locations in JiWire's worldwide database, by the way. This makes them the number three ranked location type available, even over cafés (25,861). There are almost 5,000 Fon Spots in the U.S. alone, according to JiWire; only Germany and France have more, but again, that's only the members who register with JiWire. Fon itself says there are well over 100,000 FON community members in North America, mostly in the U.S., sharing broadband.

If you don't want a new router, try the software approach. Whisher wants to build a network of shared hot spots similar to Fon, but it doesn't require special hardware. You register your home network as a Whisher hot spot, and using special client software (for Windows XP, Mac OS X, or Nokia S60 phones) you can get access to other Whisher hot spots. Whisher also lets you buy credits, called WiFi Out, that can be used at some commercial hot spots for pay-as-you-go access.

WeFi also wants to make a virtual global network of all the Wi-Fi you can find. Literally. Download the Windows XP or Windows Mobile software and it takes over management of Wi-Fi connections. If a hot spot in the area is part of WeFi's database, it can connect you automatically. If it finds hot spots that aren't in the database—your own home network, for example—you simply add them. You can even share your security passwords with others who have the WeFi software, to access one another's networks even if the security is on. The software tracks all the locations on Google Maps. The "buddies" feature lets you see other WeFi users in your vicinity, so you can send an instant message and wave at them from across the café.

Paid Wi-Fi

Free Wi-Fi's biggest downfall is that you can't count on it. It's hard to complain about the shoddy quality of something you weren't paying for, after all (not that it stops us). To avoid the problems of weak free service, pony up. There are three ways to go: pay for it as you need it (pay-as-you-go), subscribe to a service with a hot-spot provider to use its hot spots anytime you want, or subscribe through an aggregator of hot-spot providers.

There are several restaurant, café, and retail chains that provide paid Wi-Fi in all their national (and sometimes international) locations. Here's a quick list for the U.S., with providers' names in parentheses:

• Barnes & Noble (AT&T)
• Borders Books and Music (T-Mobile)
• Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf (AT&T)
• FedEx Kinkos (T-Mobile)
• IHOP (Wayport)
• McDonald's (Wayport)
• Starbucks Coffee (T-Mobile, in process of converting to AT&T)
• UPS Store (AT&T)

AT&T is now the largest provider of hot spots in the U.S., with 17,000 locations. It charges $3.99 to $7.99 per "session" (the price and length of a session varies with the venue) or you can pay $19.99 per month to access all those locations for as long as you want. If you're already a home user of AT&T's 1.5-megabit-per-second (Mbps) DSL or the U-Verse fiber-to-the-premises service, you can enjoy unlimited free access at any AT&T hot spot.

These prices don't mean as much with AT&T's newest partner. Starbucks has taken a lot more interest in and control of how its provider hands out Wi-Fi, no doubt a response to the many neighborhood coffeehouses that give it away. The caffeine conglomerate still cares mainly about coffee but recognizes that a taste of "free" Wi-Fi can bring in those latte drinkers. The new plan under AT&T: Anyone with a Starbucks Card making a $5 minimum purchase (or putting more money on a card) just once every 60 days gets free access for 2 hours per day. (Under T-Mobile's control, Wi-Fi access at Starbucks cost $6 per hour or $10 for 24 hours, on top of your Grande Java Chip Frappuccino.)

McDonald's networks are powered by Wayport. A few select devices—specifically the Sony Mylo COM-2 and the Zipit Wireless Messenger Z2—get totally free access at the company's hot spots. Using any other device, such as a laptop or phone, means paying. Access in the fast-food joint costs $2.95 for 2 hours, and you pay at the counter when you buy your fries and McNuggets; the cashier will give you a code to enter when you boot up your Wi-Fi device. There is also the option of paying $29.95 a month (with a one-year agreement; the cost is $49.95 if you want to go month-to-month) direct to Wayport to get access to all its hot spots and wired connections in hotels. The better way to go is to subscribe with a Wayport partner—which is just about everyone, from AT&T to Boingo to iPass.

Aggregators

A true power user of hot spots, a road warrior who travels the open highways and skyways and is constantly in need of affordable-yet-reliable Wi-Fi, should go with a hot-spot aggregator. Aggregation means the provider has a virtual network: It doesn't run its own physical network but makes it easy to access hot spots run by partners. There are two aggregators to choose from in the U.S., and both offer software that makes it easy to link up.

Boingo Wireless costs $21.95 a month and provides unlimited access to 20,000 hot spots across North America. If you want to go international, you can pay $39 a month to get access at 100,000 hot spots. Boingo offers a pay-as-you-go account for $7.95 a day in the U.S., or $9.95 a day when overseas. It's cheaper for those who need access just for phones or PDAs to use Wi-Fi with Boingo Mobile, at $7.95 per month worldwide. That plan works with Windows Mobile devices and some Nokia devices, including the N800 and N810 handhelds. Boingo even has new deals with hotel network providers such as Wayport and iBahn to provide access over Ethernet. Subscribers can also roam onto the thousands of Fon community hot spots worldwide.

There's a new aggregator for consumers: iPassConnect Mobility Service. It offers almost exactly the same service that iPass has sold to corporations for years, but now anyone can sign up. Compared with Boingo, it's more expensive ($29.95 a month for North American hot spots), but iPass has more of them (24,000). The cost goes up $20 to use overseas hot spots with iPass. Both those prices include non–Wi-Fi methods of access, specifically Ethernet in hotels, but also dial-up.

Of course, the aggregators have most of the same partners—both include Starbucks and McDonald's, for example—through partnerships with AT&T and Wayport (in fact, Wayport is a partner of AT&T, and manages most of its hot spots!).

Lest you still believe Wi-Fi is only for coffee drinkers and hotel guests, consider all the other areas where a hot spot can be found. If there's a place where people on the road have to sit for more than 15 minutes, there's a good chance Wi-Fi is available.

Airports and Airplanes

Layovers on plane trips mean plenty of passengers sitting and waiting in the airport. Then waiting some more. Business travelers-and Internet addicts traveling for whatever reason-prefer not to waste those precious moments, which could be used for answering e-mail or visiting Second Life. Boingo says figures based on overall usage show that, by a long mile, airports are the number one place its customer get access. (Hotels are a distant second; cafés and restaurants an even more distant third.)

Wi-Fi for airline passengers began in the lounges run by the airlines. Most used to charge a bundle for the privilege (on top of the fee just to get into the lounge), but both American and United have started a new trend: offering Wi-Fi to their frequent fliers, who have certainly suffered enough, as a free amenity.

Wireless soon expanded into entire concourses, with companies like Concourse Communications (a division of Boingo) offering service at almost every gate in select airports. TravelPost.com keeps a nice Airport Wireless Internet Access Guide on its site, including color codes to show locations with free Wi-Fi. The list was most recently updated in December of 2007, however, and that might be the biggest rub-airports change plans as often as cheap travelers change planes. So keep that signal finder handy.

Again, almost all of these locations are available at no extra cost if you've got an account with Boingo or iPass. Even in places where aggregators don't have network partners, many airports offer neutral host roaming. That means a provider's competitors can offer services in its airports as long as the two can work out a deal. It's how Boingo can offer access at airport networks run by T-Mobile (including LAX, DFW, and SFO), even though T-Mobile is not a Boingo partner. Some providers, like Concourse and Wayport, are neutral hosts as part of their corporate philosophy.

The top five major U.S. airports with free Wi-Fi, in case you're interested, are Denver, Las Vegas, Orlando, Phoenix-Sky Harbor, and Philadelphia (which is free only on weekends, unless you're a student). Some, like Hartsfield in Atlanta, have so many paid providers that you can pick and choose. A list of just about every airport in the U.S., large or small, with free Wi-Fi can be found at OpenWiFiSpots. Compare that with the similar list at Wi-Fi FreeSpot and you'll have the full Wi-Fi picture.

Speaking of free, starting this month, anyone with an iPhone or iPod touch can get free access to any of the 28 airport hot spots operated by Concourse Communications for 15 minutes after watching a 15-second video advertisement. If you watching another ad every 15 minutes you can continue at no charge for an hour.

The holy grail for the true connected traveler or Internet addict is a hot spot on the plane. It's happened overseas to a degree, but not here in the U.S. That will soon change, maybe for all the airlines, if the trials are successful. A company named Aircell has installed a series of air-to-ground (ATG) network stations around the country to power a service called Gogo. The network connects planes in flight to the Internet, via towers on the ground.

American Airlines began testing Gogo in June of this year on flights between New York's JFK and Los Angeles. Flights from New York to San Francisco and Miami will get access soon, though it will be limited to the big Boeing 767-200 planes to start. The price is $12.95 for flights over 3 hours long or $9.95 for under 3 hours. Passengers can use it for unfiltered Web surfing and e-mail, but not VoIP. Virgin Airlines will be offering Gogo service at some point later this year on all jets. iPass already has a deal in place with Gogo, so those with iPassConnect Mobile accounts won't have to pay extra.

JetBlue is also actively testing its own ATG network on a single plane, called the BetaBlue. Anyone onboard with a Wi-Fi laptop can use Yahoo! e-mail and send instant messages, and BlackBerry users can get e-mail and services. BetaBlue doesn't offer full Web access yet, however.

RV Parks/Marinas

Roaming the country in a recreational vehicle—or even just driving from campground to campground—doesn't mean complete disconnection. The folks at WirelessTrips.com have put together a hot spot finder of "RV-friendly" locations around the country, including campgrounds, rest stops, and truck stops, served up on a Google map. JiWire has similar listings; its list of RV parks alone has 454 entries. Prices vary from free to excessive. LinkSpot is one provider in several parks. It charges $9.95 a day, $29.95 a week, or $49.95 a month.

Generally, you're not going to find much in the way of Wi-Fi on the open seas, but marinas where you dock your boat may offer it. After all, if you can afford a boat, what's a few bucks for some Internet-laden radio signals? California is rich in marinas like the San Francisco Yacht Club, where service from iDock costs $9.95 a day on up to $49.95 a month.

Stadiums

JiWire shows 60 "sports venues" in its database. Most are little—local ice rinks or bowling alleys—but Wi-Fi in such places is nothing to sneeze at if you have to wait around for a junior hockey player or your spouse on bowling night. Spend that time online.

Many major sports venues offer Wi-Fi as well, usually in the expensive seats. But Minute Maid Park in Houston has Wi-Fi throughout the stadium, priced at $3.95 for 4 hours' use during a game. Naturally, AT&T operates the Wi-Fi at AT&T Park, home of the San Francisco Giants; access to the Internet, as well as to the Giants Digital Dugout software for extra stats and replays, is free. Wi-Fi is also reportedly going to be available in Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, where the Colts play their first game later this year. So before you head out for the game, check the Web site for the stadium you're visiting. It might have details on wireless Internet you can access during the seventh inning stretch.

Commuting

Wi-Fi on a plane is great, but most people spend more time every day going back and forth to work on trains or ferries. Wireless on trains has gone through ups and downs in the U.S. In fact, many promising projects, most in California, have died off. The reason: It's hard to find a good way to provide effective backhaul-the connection back to the Internet-on a vehicle moving that rapidly and from place to place. At least on a highway, with a 3G card, you're usually near the cellular towers with the equipment, but that's not always true when you're riding the rails.

One recently announced solution involves using Sprint's EV-DO network as backhaul for a Wi-Fi access point on the MBTA commuter line from Worcester to Framingham in Massachusetts. The free trial launched on one train in January and could eventually expand to all 13 commuter lines in the state.

There's still a chance that access could come to the California Capitol Corridor train, which travels between San Jose and Sacramento. The Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) may be signing a contract with a company called WiFi Rail as early as this month to provide on-train Wi-Fi to thousands of Bay Area commuters. WiFi Rail has already successfully tested its service, which uses something called "leaky coax" to get backhaul. The service involves a coaxial cable along the rails that works like an antenna, even if the train is traveling at 65 miles per hour. So there's hope for train-Fi yet, in California and beyond.

Of course, train stations are another matter: Finding a signal when you're waiting for your train to show up is a little easier. T-Mobile offers hot-spot service at Amtrak stations along the Eastern Seaboard. Up north, VIA Rail, Canada's national passenger rail service, has Wi-Fi at its stations for cross-country travelers moving between Toronto and Vancouver. Anyone taking the three-day cross-country trip can get online at least once a day. VIA's Windsor to Quebec City corridor also has Wi-Fi at stations, and on some of the cars.

Ferries have many of the same problems with backhaul that trains have (and it would be nice to think those problems could be solved with the same technology now going into airplanes). The Washington State Ferries in the Seattle area-which account for 50 percent of all the ferry trips in the U.S. based on the sheer number of passengers-have been trying Wi-Fi on boats for a while now. Most of the ferry service's water routes went online last year. It costs from $3.95 for 2 hours up to $29.95 a month for unlimited use. Because the Wi-Fi provider, Parsons, has a roaming agreement with Boingo and iPass, subscribers of either aggregator can get access to the network during their commute and to hundreds of other hot spots in the city (all those Starbucks!), all for the same subscription price. And the MBTA in Boston recently announced comprehensive Wi-Fi access on all 11 ferries in the harbor. Last year, the service ferried around nearly 1.5 million riders.

Municipalities

We live in a wireless utopia of citywide networks these days. It's true! Sorta.

Wi-Fi was supposed to be the great backbone of this Internet access wonderland, because of its ubiquity in laptops and inexpensive equipment that was easy to install-not overpriced 3G. It didn't work out that way. 3G technologies like EV-DO and HSDPA are readily available, and so-called "4G," like WiMAX, may soon be in many more places thanks to the new, improved Clearwire, backed by Sprint's, Google's, and Intel's deep pockets.

So where does that leave citywide Wi-Fi?

Whatever you call it—muni-fi, city-fi, and hot zones are past favorites—there's no getting past the fact that citywide Wi-Fi went swiftly from promising to disappointing. Bad planning and bad business practices by both cities and providers have led to some networks that barely worked under the demand, and, at the other extreme, over-installed networks with no customers. Sadly, If you build it, they will come only works for mystic baseball diamonds in cornfields.

The situation typically went like this: Cities would plan to work with Wi-Fi providers, giving them access to places to put equipment (like light poles) in exchange for use of the network. Companies originally entered these public/private partnerships assuming that paid users and advertising would be enough to keep their networks afloat. They came to the conclusion (late) that a network could not succeed financially unless the city served as an anchor tenant -using the network for services like public safety or meter reading, and paying for the privilege. The cities, of course, preferred not paying. Now they may have to pay... to buy the networks.

Many companies, EarthLink most prominently, bet the farm on muni-fi. In February, the beleaguered ISP put all its municipal holdings up for sale. In some cases, the cities themselves are poised to take over what EarthLink installed. According to MuniWireless.com, a site that tracks muni-fi exclusively, Corpus Christi, Texas, may do just that. Same for Milpitas, California. Philadelphia, once the poster child for muni-fi (even before a single access point was installed) has stated it has no intention of keeping EarthLink's network up and running.

MetroFi was another citywide Wi-Fi provider, building networks throughout Silicon Valley, a couple in Illinois, and the big one, in Portland, Oregon. The company's troubles began last year when contract talks with Anchorage, Alaska, and Toledo, Ohio, failed. MetroFi was among the first to believe advertising revenue would be enough to make money. It wasn't. As of May 15, the company planned to sell all of its networks. In areas lacking buyers, those networks will be shut down. In late June, Portland went dark.

Cities like Tempe, Arizona, were among the first to get a big Wi-Fi network, but control of Tempe's network has passed from company to company—and as of today it has been shut down, too.

Of course, not all hot zones are a bust. The IT department of Minneapolis, Minnesota, working with USI Wireless, has unwired 85 percent of the city and has around 8,000 paid customers in homes, with free access in city libraries. Portland, Oregon; San Francisco, Calilfornia; and Austin, Texas, as well as other cities, still have great volunteer community groups trying to offer Wi-Fi in a big way, without any municipal money or involvement. The volunteer groups probably prefer doing it on their own.

Private companies could still accomplish a lot: In May, Cablevision announced it would spend $350 million to install Wi-Fi in areas of New York City, which its 3.1 million Optimum Online cable subscribers wouldn't have to pay extra for; others would. Of course, Verizon tried this before in New York-by turning pay phones into Wi-Fi access points-and failed. It's hard to unwire the concrete canyons.

What does all this mean for your own online excursions? You can't always count on citywide Wi-Fi to be where you're going. Even in cities with well-trumpeted networks like Philly and Portland, there's no guarantee of availability from one day to the next. Big cities like New York, Chicago, and Boston have all talked about it, but though there is city-provided Wi-Fi in select neighborhoods and parks, there is nothing even close to citywide service. (Some cities do have wireless networks for use by municipal employees, such as with automated meter reading and Chicago's backbone for surveillance cameras.)

As long as 3G grows and gets faster, the need for citywide Wi-Fi continues to diminish. WiMAX may replace 3G eventually, though it's barely off the ground here in the States. For now, if you move from city to city with a single laptop, count on the known hot spots or invest in a 3G card from a wireless carrier with a big 3G network, like Verizon or Sprint.

3G/Cellular Routers

It's no secret that you can get Internet access just about anywhere-even in the car-if you've got 3G service. When you plug a PC Card modem into your laptop you can expect reasonably good speed as long as you're in range of a tower with the latest technology, such as EV-DO Rev A. Move out of range of those towers and you may still get access at lower speeds. These services typically cost $60 to $80 a month.

That's not much help if you've got multiple laptops that need access. The solution: a router that uses the 3G card for backhaul. This could work even in a car or on a train to make your own truly mobile hot spot. You just need to provide power to the router.

The Junxion Box was one of the first and biggest names in 3G routers (the crew for The Sopranos used the gizmos when on location in New Jersey). Plug in a supported 3G card from Alltel, AT&T, Sprint, or Verizon to get backhaul and then use the built-in 802.11g Wi-Fi or Ethernet to connect the computers. But it's not cheap, at $699. For a hundred bucks less Junxion offers a version with Ethernet only.

The pyramid-shaped Top Global 3G Phoebus MB6000 EVDO Router ($210) got a four-star rating when we reviewed it a couple of years ago. It can access multiple cellular networks-EV-DO, EDGE, and UMTS-so it supports just about every cellular provider in the United States. D-Link offers a couple of devices as well, such as the EV-DO-only DIR-450 ($209.99 direct). It's limited to specific EV-DO CardBus cards, however, most old enough not to support the newer, faster Rev A standard (the DIR-450 has been around since 2005). For sharing, however, it's hard to beat it. D-Link also makes the DIR-451, which supports the UMTS/HSDPA-based 3G network offered by AT&T.

Phone maker Kyocera, which recently merged with Sanyo, sells the similar KR1 Mobile Router for EV-DO for $169.99-similar because it's powered by D-Link. The KR1 is available through Amazon. Linksys also makes 3G routers, like the WRT54G3G line for mobile broadband. There are separate versions for AT&T, Sprint, and Verizon Wireless customers.

Laptops as Hot Spots

If several people with laptops find themselves in a place that has a single Ethernet connection for Internet access, one of them can turn his or her laptop into the hub of a wireless ad hoc (computer-to-computer) network. The computer in question must be able to run both Ethernet and Wi-Fi at the same time. In Windows Vista, connect to the Internet using an Ethernet cable, then go into the Network and Sharing Center. Set up a new connection called a wireless ad hoc network. Ad hoc means your computer can connect directly to other computers in range over Wi-Fi. Give this ad hoc network connection a name, set up your security options, deselect "Save this network," and then click "Turn on Internet connection sharing." Anyone who connects to you will need the security password you put in. If you don't supply a password, anyone can connect to your laptop's Wi-Fi.

Windows XP requires you to adjust a lot more settings. First, make sure your Ethernet is plugged in and providing Internet access. Go into the Network Connections control panel, right-click on your wireless connection, and select Properties from the menu. On the Wireless Networks tab, check "Use Windows to configure my wireless network setting." On the same tab, under Preferred networks, click "Add," then name your network, select Shared, and provide a security encryption password (you'll need to enter it twice). Click OK.

The network name should now be in the list. But you're not done yet.

Click the Advanced button and select "Computer-to-Computer (ad hoc) networks only"—otherwise your laptop may try to connect to another hot spot, rather than just letting other laptops connect to it. Click OK. Still not done: Back in the Network Connections control panel, open the Properties dialog for your wired connection, the one that's providing that Internet access. Go to the Advanced menu and check the box next to "Allow other network users to connect through this computer's Internet connection." Don't click the other box here.

On the Mac OS, you can do the same thing. Go into Sharing under System Preferences, click Internet, and in the "Share your connection from" menu, chose "Built-in Ethernet." In the box below, select AirPort (Apple's default term for all things Wi-Fi/802.11 related) as the method you'll use for sharing. Click AirPort Options to set the name and security password. You need to click Start when done to get the ad hoc connections rolling. If you're wondering whether hackers might try to get you at hot spots, ad hoc is how they'll do it. The bad guys set up a PC-to-PC network without encryption and just wait for you to connect. It's important to link only to networks you're sure you can trust. Double-check a network's name next time you're using a hot spot, just to be sure.

Mobile Phones as Hot Spots

It's nothing new to use a mobile phone as a modem, connecting a single laptop to the Internet. Here are some examples of how to do that with AT&T (formerly Cingular) phones, T-Mobile phones, and Verizon phones). New software announced just this year promises to turn smart phones with integrated Wi-Fi into hot spots as well, suitable for getting several laptops online. They're still nascent, however, so don't make this your go-to solution just yet.

WMWifiRouter from Morose Media in the Netherlands is still in trials, and during the trial it costs only 14.99 euros for the full version. But there's a free version anyone can try. You'll need a phone with Windows Mobile 5 or 6, both Wi-Fi and a cellular data connection, Internet Sharing installed, and 15MB of free memory. Morose has a list of compatible phones on its site.

Back here in the States, TapRoot Systems is offering WalkingHotSpot to do the same thing (says our own Smart Device Central). WalkingHotSpot started on Windows Mobile, and it's now available for Symbian-based phones as well. The software can limit the number of connections made via Wi-Fi, so your phone provider won't plotz at your excessive network use. Sprint is currently the only provider of 3G Internet connections that is okay with having its devices used as hot spots. A free trial of Walking HotSpot has recently arrived, so get it while you can. Eventually, TapRoot says, it will offer the software only through carrier partnerships.

Copyright (c) 2008Ziff Davis Media Inc. All Rights Reserved. "